Why are Male Birds more Beautiful than their Partners?

Birds are some of most beautiful animals in the world. Birds are homeotherms with feathers, wings and they reproduce with laying eggs. Also, many of them are able to fly. They look unusual, but they are group of animals which are widespread all around the world.

They live in every part of our planet and most of them are very beautiful. In the world there are around 10,000 different species of birds and every species has different feather color and different voice. It’s interesting to notice that male bird species are more beautiful than their female partners and in many cases they sing better than females. 

What is the reason for that?

Well, it’s simple. They have more beautiful feather colors in order to attract their female partner with the beauty. In many cases female birds select their male partners. 

Also, some male birds make nests for the female and decorate them with flowers. Female birds don’t need to be beautiful. Their role is to select the male partner.

Nevertheless, all birds are wonderful animals and some scientists even believe that they have evolved from dinosaurs.

 Look at some beautiful birds in the video.

Why Do People and Animals Have Two Eyes?

The eyes are the organs which allow us and many other animals to see and perceive the environment. They are sense organs which have appeared hundreds of millions of years ago and they kept on changing afterwards.

Humans and some other animals notice the highest level of eye evolution. Different groups of animals have evolved differently and because of that they all have different shape, position and size of the eyes.

However, every animal in the world has two eyes and this is for a reason. 

Humans have two eyes to perceive depth and look better. Also, two eyes allow us to perceive the distance between the objects and ourselves.

Each of the eye gives a slightly different picture. Every eye sees a 2D picture and then these two pictures are transferred to the brain. These pictures are combined in the brain and then the brain gives us 3D dimension. Driving the car, eating or picking up things would be impossible with only one eye.

To achieve truly good 3D vision, evolution has put the two eyes to the front of the head facing forward. Some animals, like fish and reptiles have eyes on the sides of the head. This allows them to see around them in 360 degrees, thus spot the enemy. Most of them don’t 3D vision and they cannot see well.

Our physiology including the features of eye is perfect because of evolution. 

There is a Tree that Grows Tomatoes

Most of us know that tomato is a plant which has a relatively small stem with numerous fruits growing from it. The tomato is a very popular plant and it is native to the rain forests of South America. Could you imagine a tree which grows tomato as a fruit?

A group of Russian naturalists successfully created a real tomato tree. This plant is called “Octopus” Tomato Tree and it can grow up to 8 meters for a period of 90 days. The first 8 months the tree doesn’t grow fruits and during this period the tree is being formed. 

The life time of an octopus tree is 1.5 years and it grows over a surface of 50 square meters.

The most awesome part is the number of fruits which this plant grows. The octopus tomato tree gives 14,000 tomatoes, or 1,500 kilograms of tomatoes. That is a lot of tomatoes and these fruits are not GMO. This plant is a hybrid and it is created which fusion of two different species of tomato. Hybrid plants are not GMO and the fruit of the octopus tree is healthy and sweet like other normal tomatoes.

This is a proof of the many possibilities of modern science. To have this tree you must have a lot of money, and enough space. 

See the octopus tomato tree in action. 

Alexandria Genesis – the Most Beautiful Mutation

Alexandria genesis, also known like The Purple eye is a very rare genetic mutation which causes small number of conditions. Believe it or not, we still don’t known if this disease actually exists.

People who would have the condition would notice a change of color to purple in their eyes after six months of life.

 During the puberty and the rest of the life the purple color would only become darker. People with this condition would have hair only on their head, they would have high metabolism and women with this condition would not menstruate, but they would be fertile.

Also, these humans would live more than 150 years.

 Their metalic and pale skin would be resistant to sunburns. These people simply wouldn’t be growing old after their 50^th year and the mutation would be transferred to their children, getting stronger with every new generation. 

These facts maybe look fantastic, but the question is: does Alexandria genesis exist?

Scientists think that this mutation is not real. 

Violet eyes are technically possible but they are extremely sensitive to sun light. To be fertile without menstrual periods is biologically impossible. Some animals have this condition, but human anatomy and physiology are different and fertility and menstruations are always connected.

 Humans with white skin color are more sensitive to sun. Having hair only on the head is possible (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome), but when it happens to women, they do not have a uterus, they are infertile.

 Such high metabolism is impossible, because the body would be too hot on that level. Also, the oldest human who ever lived was 122 years old and the age of 150 years seems unreachable right now.

However, there has been a real case of a person born with these conditions in 1329 in London. The girl is known as Alexandria and she was born with purple eyes and her children and grandchildren lived well over 100 years.

 It is fun to imagine people with these incredible characteristic exist, but unluckily they don’t. 

Maybe humans will mutate someday to have these features.

10 Awesome Facts about Roses

Roses are one of most beautiful flowers in the world. The rose is a plant that usually has sharp prickles.

 The flower has five petals and every species has a different color and essence of the flowers. Roses are used in medicine for making drugs. These beautiful plants have numerous characteristics, but here are the ten most amazing facts about them. 

1. The oldest fossil of a rose has been discovered in Colorado and it is 35 million years old.

2. You can find this plant in every country in the world. The rose is one of most spread plants in the world. It has successfully adapted to every clime on Earth and because of that it is a truly universal flower.

3. The Netherlands is the biggest producer of roses in the world.

4. In fact, black roses don’t exist and usually they are dark red roses which people sometimes perceive as black.

5. 54 percent of Ecuador’s land is filled with roses.

6.  In the world there are 15,000 species of roses and every species has different flower, color and essence.

 7. Cherries, apples, peaches, pears and almonds are related to roses.

8. The most expensive roses in world cost 24 £ and they are multicolored roses (rainbow roses).

9. The rose is a sign of love, peace, desire and passion.

10. Roses have medical properties and they are used for preventing the cancer growth. 

Roses are plants which have many interesting characteristics. They exist for at least 35 million years and they will probably exist much longer. 80 percent of people pick roses as their favorite flowers.

Did You Know That There Are Also Red Natural Bananas?

The banana tree is one of the most famous plants in the world. Many of us know the banana fruit as yellow. But that is not always correct. In the world there is also a type of banana with red skin color. The name of this beautiful fruit is red dacca banana.

This species of banana is identical to the other banana plant species. The only difference is in the fruit. Banana fruits of these plants are smaller than yellow bananas and they have red skin color. 

Also, they are sweeter in taste and much softer than other banana fruits. The Latin name of red banana tree is Musa acuminata.

Red dacca banana is native to Central and South America and Australia. The plants grow up to seven meters and have very big leaves. When ready for harvest they are still green, but with the time they become red.

These bananas are very popular not only for their red color, but also for their sweet flavor, which is the reason why they’re used for desserts.

Look at the video to discover more about this interesting fruit.

The Exotic Fruit That Kills Cancer Cells

Cancer is one of most spread diseases in this world.  Scientists can’t find a way to destroy this disease and stop its spreading. But, not many people know that there is a plant that grows deep in the forests of Central America and the Caribbean called guyabano or graviola. 

It belongs to the family of apples (Annonaceae) and its Latin name is Annona muricata. The tree can grow up to 4 meters and its leaves have an oval shape and dark green color. 

The fruit of the plant also has a dark green color and it’s usually called soursop because it has a slightly acidic taste when ripen.

 The fruit grows large. It can be up to 30 cm long and can weigh 10 kilograms. 

Its seeds are dark, inedible and contain 24 percent oil. This plant became popular once it was proven that can fight cancer. Scientists isolated the compound called cis-annonacin. This compound selectively identifies and destroys the cancer cells in the colon. The extract from the tree effectively identifies and kills 12 different types of cancer including colon, breast, prostate, lung and pancreatic cancer. 

Every part of this amazing plant is an effective killer of cancer cells. The seeds from the plant are inedible because of their high level of annonacin, which is a neurotoxin (strongest alkaloid in world). 

Usually, oil is made from the seeds which is then used in treatments of some diseases like asthma, high blood pressure, insomnia, rheumatism and skin diseases. The fruit is very expensive because of his medical property. It costs around 200-250 dollars per one kilogram. See the video bellow for more info.

Why Do Men Have Beard and Women Don’t?

Men and women have many different characteristics. One of the characteristic that defines man is the beard. Beard is all the hair that grows on the chin, upper lip, cheeks and neck.  

 Why do men have beard and women don’t? The answer of this question is hidden deep in the human brain.

There is a part of the brain called hypothalamus that sends signals to the pituitary gland. 

In the puberty age of every human this gland sends more signals to the gland underneath this part of the brain. 

The pituitary gland sends signals to ovaries (girls) and testicles (boys) to produce more sex hormones.

The male reproductive organ produces hormone called testosterone and the female ovaries produce estrogen.

 Then the testosterone sends signals to start the changes and after that changes the human body gets its final shape. 

So testosterone is the reason why men grow beards.

Some females have problem with this appearance. That happens when the testosterone level in females is high. 

Did You Know There Is a Fungus That Bleeds?

Hydnellum peckii is an inedible fungus which is native to Europe, North America and it was also recently discovered in Iran and Korea. 

This fungus reproduces and has a body like the other species of fungus in his family.  But that’s the case with the older fruits. Younger fruits are unique because they can “bleed” a bright red fluid. This fluid contains pigment which has properties like anticoagulant heparin.  

Because of this unusual appearance this fungus has many names including strawberry and cream, bleeding Hydnellum,

 the bleeding tooth fungus and the devil tooth. Hydnelum peckii fruit can be easily recognized when young, but with the age it becomes more brown.

The first person who managed to identify this unique fungus was the American mycologist Howard James Banker in 1913.

The fruits of the fungus are actually reproductive structures. They produce spore which is very small. Bleeding fungus is a mycorrhizal fungus and it can be connected to the roots of certain trees. The fruit of the bleeding Hydnelium is not poisonous, but it has an extremely bitter taste. Substances which are produced from these unique fungus have antibacterial and anticoagulant properties.

Watch the video about Hydnelum peckii below.

Why there is no Grape Ice Cream?

In the summer, when it is very hot, the best way to cool down is having an ice cream. Probably you have already tasted many different types of ice cream, with lots of different flavors. But have you tasted grape ice cream? I bet you haven’t.

Grape is one of most common and healthy foods in world, but we can’t make ice cream of it.  

The reason for that is one compound called anthocyanin.

 This substance is an antioxidant and it is present a lot in the grape. Also, the grape gets the color from this substance.

Anthocyanin has a molecular structure which prevents it from freezing. 

It is like a natural antifreeze and because of it the grape can’t freeze. Also, most of the flavor is contained in the skin and if we take it away all the skin, only sugar will remain in the ice cream.

 Simply, you can’t make ice cream of grape.

In case you have eaten grape ice cream, you should know that you have tasted synthetic aroma of grape. 

Take a Look inside the Human Heart

The heart is the most important organ in our body. Its function is to pump the blood to the veins, arteries and vessels. Would you like to see how does it work? Now you can.

Scientists from the University of Tokyo created this new heart simulation. 

With this new technique you can go inside the chambers of the heart and see how you heart is working. 

In this video you can see the way heart pulses and its contractions.

The researchers hope that such model would help doctors do better treatments and surgeries in the future. Look at the nature’s most incredible machine.

Female Kangaroos have Three Vaginas

The kangaroo might easily be the weirdest animal on the planet. Its characteristics and features like jumping, deer-looking head and caring the youngest in their pouch are very strange. But female kangaroos have one characteristic which is unique in the whole world. Namely, they have three vaginas and two uteri.

Why is that?

The complicate reproductive system can be seen on the picture bellow. The sperm always travels to the side vaginas and the joey travels to the middle vagina.

The little baby kangaroo is born 33 days after the mating. 

Then, it is very small (2cm) and after birth it stays in the pouch and feeds there for three mounts. When the little kangaroo goes to the pouch of the mother she is starting to mate and produces another embryo in the other uterus. This embryo waits and it develops only when the first kangaroo gets out of the pouch.

This process is constant and basically the female kangaroo is forever pregnant. The anatomy of marsupial doesn’t allow for a large fetus to pass through it and that is why the little kangaroo is so tiny and small when is born.

Watch the following British documentary Inside Nature Giants that discusses about the reproductive system of kangaroo.

Why Are Veins Blue and Blood Red?

Blood is very important for the normal function of the human body. Their function is transporting the different substances and gas to each cells or group of cells. Hemoglobin gives the blood its color.

 It is found in the red blood cells and some percent of it dissolves in the blood. Its function is to transport the oxygen to cells and eliminate the carbon dioxide through lungs.
Using the veins, arteries and capillaries blood successfully does its job. Veins always transport blood which has low amount of oxygen (deoxygenated blood) and arteries transport oxygenated blood.







Deoxygenated blood is darker than the oxygenated blood.

 The red colors absorb red wave light more so it is less visible. So this is an optical illusion because the red color is close to blue in the specter and our brain detects this color as blue. Purple blood might absorb much of the red light and the blue light is reflected from the veins and we see the veins as blue.
 Now you know why your veins are blue – it is a simple optic illusion.

Unique heart-shaped watermelon

Watermelon is a vine-like flowering plant which is native to southern Africa. This plant is big, very tasty and sweet. The fruit of watermelon contains 6 percent sugar and 91 percent water. Vitamin C and the carotenoid called lycopen are also present in this amazing fruit. Watermelon fruit contains numerous of little seed which can have different colors. In the world there are 1,200 cultivars of watermelon.

Watermelon fruits can grow very large and the biggest watermelon ever had 120 kilograms. Fruit have ovate forms, but one farmer of Japan creates watermelon which have shape of a heart. Hiroichi Kimura created the first heart shaped watermelon.

How did he do it?

First he started by making heart-shaped mould to put the watermelon in. He put the little young watermelon inside the heart mould and waited for the watermelon to grow into the shape. Cubic watermelons was also produced using this simple but tough way.

See the heart shaped watermelon on video bellow this.

Humans Have More Brains – How Many?

Everything we see, hear, touch or feel is a creation of our nerve system. The main laboratory of the nerve system is the brain. The brain is the most important and wonderful organ in the human body. Without this amazing organ, probably we couldn’t evolve or develop everything we see. In physiology the brain is referred to as central nerve system (nerve system in cranium).

The central nerve system is made from 5 different parts or brain: hindbrain, midbrain, small brain, interbrain and forebrain. The medulla oblongata is in the lower back part of the cranium. The most important vital function is in the hindbrain. 

The center for respiration, hearth work, sweets, sneeze, cough, puke are founded in the hindbrain.

In the middle of the central nerve system there is the state midbrain. 

Its function is to regulate the muscle reflex and keep the muscle tonus of skeleton musculature. 

Bellow the main brain there is the cerebellum. This brain also has two little hemispheres.

 Although very small it contains 50 percent of all nerves in the central nerve system. Inside this part there is the center of poise and nicety. We can’t walk without the small brain.

The interbrain is made from thalamus, hypothalamus and subthalamus. These three parts regulate some of the most vital functions in the human body (angst, thirst and happiness). These parts produce hormones which are very important for the normal function of the body. 

This brain is connecting the endocrine system with the nerve system and because of that it is very important.

The forebrain is biggest of all brains which all of us have. The apogee of evolution is developing the forebrain and cortex.

 The cortex is a part which takes the signals from the body, elaborate and deliver them to some parts of the human body. This process happens in part of a second. 

Also, inside this part are the centers for memory, ear, stimulation, speaking and everything you can imagine in the moment. Without the cortex we couldn’t think and without the cortex life wouldn’t exist. Every animal that has a brain also has a cortex, but humans have the most developed cortex.

All of these parts work together in a perfect way.

Organic Substance As Hard As a Diamond

Probaply you have already heard that diamond is the hardest and most consistent material in the world. Diamonds are made of pure graphite (carbon), and they get the hard and symmetrical structure thanks to the great pressure and ideal temperature. This material has the ideal internal structure.

Diamond is an inorganic substance, but there are organisms that can produce similar hard substances. That biological substance it is strong as steal and it is produced by little marine oysters called limpets. Previously, the spider silk was the hardest natural material in the world.

 

The secret is in their teeth. You would need a microscope to see them. Their teeth are composed of very thin, tightly-packed fibers containing hard mineral called goethite. It is a very hard mineral and it is made from ferric iron.

Limpets use these teeth to scrape the food from the rock. This material had a hardness of 5 Gigapascals, about five times more than spider silk. The secret is in the size of their fibers which are 1/100^th the diameter of the human hair.

Larger structures have many flaws and the chances for breaking are larger than with smaller structure. 

Ultrathin fibers are packed ideally and don’t have flaws. Bigger things are always more fragile than smaller thing. That is because of the smaller cohesion in the substance.

This is real and it is amazing.